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Terms related to biochemistry and biophysics
| A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
acetaldehyde¡A¤AîÇ¡ACH3CHO¡C
acetate¡A¤A»ÄÆQ¡A ¾L»ÄÆQ¡C
ACE, affinity capillary electrophoresis
acetoacetate¡A¤AñQ¤A»ÄÆQ¡C
acetone¡A¤þଡA(CH3)CO¡C
actin¡A¦Ù°Ê³J¥Õ¡A ¨ó§U¹B°Ê¦³Ãöªº³J¥Õ¡C
adaptation¡A¾AÀ³¡A ¥Íª«¬°¤F¥Í¦s¦Ó½Õ¾ã¦Û¨ªººc³y©M¾÷¯à¡A¥H¾A¦X©Ò´Ï®§ªºÀô¹Ò¡A³oºØ²{¶HºÙ¬°¾AÀ³¡C
adenine¡A¸¢áIËï¡A1H-Purin-6-amine©Î6-aminopurine¡A¬OáIË諸l¥Íª«¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H3N4(NH2)¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°135.14 amu¡A220¢Jª@µØ¡A360~365¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¸¢áIËï¬O²Õ¦¨DNAªº¥|ºØÆP°ò¤§¤@¡A ²Å¸¹¬OA¡A©M¯Ý¸¢áGÔr(thymine¡AT)§Î¦¨¤¬¸ÉªºÆP°ò°t¹ï¡C
adenylate cyclase¡A¸¢®Ö苷Àô¦X酶¡C
ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate)¡A¸¢ 苷5'-ÂùÁC»Ä¡A
aerobes¡A¦³®ñ¥Íª«¡C ¥²¶·§Q¥Î®ñ¶i¦æ©I§l§@¥Î¡A ¤À¸Ñ¦³¾÷ª«¡A¥HÀò±o¯à¶qªº¥Íª«¡C
aerobic respiration¡A¦³®ñ©I§l¡C
alanine¡A¤þÓi»Ä¡A2-aminopropanoic acid¡A©Î£\-aminopropanoic acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OAla ©Î A¡C¨ã«D·¥©Ê¡A¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C3H7NO2¡ACH3-CH(NH2)-COOH ¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=CH3¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°89.09 amu¡A200¢Jª@µØ¡A264~268¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¤þÓi»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¨ó§U¸£¤U««Åéµo´§¥¿±`¥\¯à¡A¨ë¿E¥Íªø¿E¯À¡C2.²M°£Å餺¬r¯À¡C3.¨ó§U¶Ë¤f´_¤¸¡C4.®ø¯Ó¯×ªÕ¡C5.éw²ÓMºc³y¡C6.«O«ùDNA§¹¾ã©Ê ¡C¤ÑµM¨Ó·½¡GÁW¦Ì¡B¿P³Á¡BªÛ³Â¡B½_¤l¨§¡BÃz¦Ìªá¡B¸ªªá¤l¡B¥©§J¤O¡B°íªG¡B¸²µå°®¡B¥þ³Á¹«~¡B´ßÃþ¡C
£\-helix¡A£\Á³±Û¡C³J¥Õ½èªº ¤G¯Åµ²ºc¡A ¥ÑÐ`肽Á䤤C=O©MN-H§Î¦¨²BÁä¡A §Î¦¨Ã©wªºÁ³±Ûª¬µ²ºc¡CL-Ói°ò»Ä³£¬O¥k±Ûªº(¤â´¤´x®É¡A ¶¶«ü¦yªº¤è¦V)¡A¤@¯ë²y³J¥Õ¤¤ªº£\Á³±Û¬ù§t10-20ÓªºÓi°ò»Ä¡Aªø«×¬ù10-30Å¡C
albumin¡A¥Õ³J¥Õ¡A³J¥Õ¤¤ªº¥Õ¦â³¡¤À¡C
AMEL, amelogenin
amino acid¡AÓi°ò»Ä¡AÓi°ò»Ä¬O³J¥Õ½èªº¥Dnµ²ºc¡A¦³¨Ç¬O¤HÃþ¦¨ªø¡Bµo¨|©MÀç¾iªº¥²»Ý«~¡C¦ÛµM¬É¤¤¦s¦bªºÓi°ò»Ä¦³50ºØ¥H¤W¡A¦Ó¦s¦b©ó³J¥Õ½è¤¤ªº¥u¦³22ºØ¡A¨ä¤¤¦³8ºØ¬O¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡A¦b©Ò¦³ªºÓi°ò»Ä¤¤¡A¤Z¶È¦s©ó¹ª«¤¤¡A¦Ó¨Å餣¯à¦Û¦æ»s³yªÌ¡AºÙ¬°¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡A°²¨Ï¦³¥ô¦ó¤@ºØ¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä§t¶q¹L§C©Î¯Ê¥F¡A«h©Ò¦³ªºÓi°ò»Ä®ÄªG³£·|°§C¡F¦]¦¹¡A¥Ñ¹ª«©Î¨ä¥L¨Ó·½¸É¥R¬O«Ü«nªº¡C²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº«nÓi°ò»Ä¦³20ºØ¡G¦âÓi»Ä¡BõéÓi»Ä¡B²§¥ÕÓi»Ä¡Bßm¤BÓi»Ä¡BÂ÷Ói»Ä¡Bf¤þÓi»Ä¡B¥ÕÓi»Ä¡B¥Ò²¸Ói»Ä¡B²ÕÓi»Ä¡B¥ÌÓi»Ä¡B¾¢Ói»Ä¡B²B®ñ°ò²ãÓi»Ä¡B¤þÓi»Ä¡Bµ·Ói»Ä¡B²B®ñ°ò¾¢Ói»Ä¡B¯ÖÓi»Ä¡B²ãÓi»Ä¡B ¤Ñªù¥V»Ä¡B¥ÊÓi»Ä¡BºëÓi»Ä¡C
amol, attomole
AMP (adenosine 5'-monophosphate)¡A¸¢ 苷5'-ÁC»Ä¡A
anabolism¡A¦X¦¨§@¥Î¡A ¥Íª«Å骺²ÓM¤£Â_§l¦¬¥~¨Óª«½è¥H²Õ¦¨·sªºª«½è©M«Ø³y²ÓM½èªº¹Lµ{¡A ºÙ¬°¦X¦¨§@¥Î¡C
anomeric carbon¡A²§¦ì©ÊºÒì¤l¡A¦b®Ö¿}©M¸²µå¿}ªº²Ä¤@ÓºÒì¤l¤ÎªG¿}ªº²Ä¤GÓºÒì¤lºÙ¬°²§¦ì©ÊºÒì¤l¡C
anomers¡A²§¦ì²§ºcª«¡A²§¦ìºÒì¤l¤W¥ßÅéºc³yªº®t²§©Ò§Î¦¨ªº£\©M£]«¬²§ºcª«¡A¨Ò¦p¡G£\-D-吡³ä¸²µå¿}©M£]-D-吡³ä¸²µå¿}¡C
antioxidant¡A§Ü®ñ¤Æ¾¯¡A ¥i¨ó§U²ÓM¹ï§Ü¦Û¥Ñ°òªºª«½è¡A¨Ò¦pºû¥Í¯ÀC¡BE©MA¡C
APA, 3-aminopicolinic acid
APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
API, atmospheric pressure ionization
archaebacteria¡A¥j¥Íµß¡A ¥i¦b°ª·Å¡B°ªÆQ¤Î¯Ê®ñÀô¹Ò¤U¥Íªøªº²Óµß¡A¦bÅã·LÃè¤Uªº¥~ªí©M¤@¯ëµL¤Ó¤j°Ï§O¡A¦ý¥¦ªº®Ö¿}ÅéRNA©M¯u®Ö²ÓM ©Îì®Ö²ÓM¦³«Ü¤jªº¤£¦P¡C
arginine¡A(³½)ºëÓi»Ä¡A1-amino-4-guanidinovaleric acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OArg ©Î R¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H14N4O2¡AHN=C(NH2)-NH-(CH2)3-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=HN=C(NH2)-NH-(CH2)3-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°174.20 amu¡A~244¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C
(L-)asparagine¡AL-¤Ñªù¥VñQÓi»Ä¡A£\-aminosuccinamic acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OAsn ©Î N¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C4H8N2O3¡AH2N-CO-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=H2N-CO-CH2-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°132.12 amu¡A º²ÂI234~235¢J¡C
aspartame¡Aªü´µ¤Ú²¢¡Cªü´µ¤Ú²¢ ¬O¤Ñªù¥VÓi»Ä©Mf¤þÓi»Ä l¥Í¦Ó¦¨ªº¤G肽¡A¬O¤@ºØ¥N¿}¡A ¼ö¶q§C¡A²¢«×¬ù½©¿}200¿¥H¤W¡C
aspartic acid¡A¤Ñªù¥VÓi»Ä¡A£\-aminosuccinic
acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OAsp
©Î
D¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C4H7NO4¡AHOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A
§Y°¼ÃìR=HOOC-CH2-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°133.10
amu¡A
º²ÂI270~271¢J¡C¤Ñªù¥VÓi»Ä
ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¨ó§UÅ餺Ói°ò»Äªº¤À§G¡C
2.«OÅ@¤¤¼Ï¯«¸g¨t²Î¡C3.»PÓ¤H¬¡¤O¡B@¤O¦³Ãö¡C
ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate)¡A¸¢ 苷5'-¤TÁC»Ä¡A²ÓM¤¤¥Dnªº¯à¶qÄâ±aªÌ¡C
ATT, 6-aza-2-thiothymine
ATTR, transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis
autogenesis¡A¦ÛµMµo¥Í»¡¡C §Æþõ¾Ç®a¨È§õ´µ¦h¼w(Aristotle, 384-322 B.C.)¬Û«H©Ò¦³¥Íª«³£¬O¦ÛµM¥Í¦¨ªº¡C
autotroph¡A¦ÛÀç¥Íª«¡A²§Àç¥Íª«¸g¹Lºt¤Æ«á¡A ¥i§Q¥ÎµL¾÷ª«¦X¦¨¦³¾÷¤À¤l¡A§@¬°¦Û¨ªº¯à·½¡A ³oºØ¥Íª«ºÙ¬°¦ÛÀç¥Íª«¡C
AZT (3'-azidideoxythymine)¡A ¤@ºØ§t¤ºÒ¿}¤Î¯Ý¸¢áGÔrªº¤À¤l¡A ¥Î¨ÓªvÀøAIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)ªº«nÃĪ«¡C
BAC, bioaffinity characterization
bacilli¡A±ìµß¡A ¤@ºØ±ì§Îªºì®Ö¥Íª«²Óµß¡C
bacteriorhodopsin¡A²Óµßµøµµ¯À¡C
£]-carotene¡A£]JÅÚ½³¯À¡C
bend¡AÂà§é¡A ³J¥Õ½è¤G¯Åµ²ºc ªºÂà§é¡A ¥i¥H(1)Âà´«Ð`肽Ã쪺¤è¦V¡A(2)³s±µ¸û³W«ßªº¤G¯Åµ²ºc(¦p£\Á³±Û©M£]ºP¶)¡C
biogenesis¡A¥Í·½½×¡C ¸q¤j§Q¥Íª«¾Ç®a¹p}(Francesco Redi, 1626-1697)»{¬°¥Íª«³£¬O¦Û¤W¥Nªº¥Íª«¥Í´Þ¦Ó¨Ó¡A¤£·|¦ÛµMµo¥Í¡C
biosphere¡A¥Íª«°é¡C ¦a²y¤W©Ò¦³¥Íª«©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¾÷¯à³æ¦ìºc¦¨¥Íª«°é¡C
biotin¡A¥Íª«¯À¡C¤@ºØ»²酶¡C
bp, base pair
bryophyta¡AaÄö´Óª«¡C
BSA, bovine serum albumin
£]-sheet¡A£]ºP¶¡C³J¥Õ½èªº ¤G¯Åµ²ºc¡A ¥ÑÐ`肽Á䤤C=O©MN-H§Î¦¨²BÁä¡A §Î¦¨Ã©wªºª½½u§Îµ²ºc¡CY¨â±øÐ`肽Áä ªº¤è¦V¬Û¦P¡AºÙ¬°¥¦æ(parallel)ºP¶¡AY¨â±øÐ`肽Áä ªº¤è¦V¬Û¤Ï¡AºÙ¬°¤Ï¥¦æ(anti-parallel)ºP¶¡A³J¥Õ½è¤À¤l¤¤¥H¤Ï¥¦æºP¶¸û±`¨£¡C
CAD, caomputer-assisted design; computed-aided drafting
capsule¡A½¤²ó¡C
carbohydrate¡AÁÞÃþ¡A¤SºÙºÒ¤ô¤Æ¦Xª«¡A³q±`¥i¤À¬°³æ¿}(¦p®Ö¿}¡B¥h®ñ®Ö¿}¡B¸²µå¿}¡BªG¿}¡B¥b¨Å¿})¡BÂù¿}(¦p³ÁªÞ¿}¡B½©¿}¡B¨Å¿})©M¦h¿}(¦p¾ý¯»¡B¨x¿}¡BÅÖºû¯À)¡C
catabolism¡A¤À¸Ñ§@¥Î¡A ¥Íª«Å骺²ÓM¤£Â_¤À¸Ñª«½è¡A¥H¨Ñ¥Í¬¡¤Wªº»Ýnªº¹Lµ{¡A ºÙ¬°¤À¸Ñ§@¥Î¡C
CCD, charged-coupled device
CCSD, complex carbohydrate structure database
CD, charge detection; circular dichroism
CE, capillary electrophoresis; charge exchange
CEC, capillary electrochromatagraphy
cell¡A²ÓM
cell membrane¡A²ÓM½¤¡A¬O³J¥Õ½è©M¯×½èªº½Æ¦XÅé¡A²ÓM½¤¥]³ò²ÓM½è(cytoplasm)¡A¨ã±±¨îª«½è¶i¥X²ÓMªº¥\¯à¡C¯u®Ö²ÓMªº²ÓM½¤¦ì©ó²ÓMªºªí±¡A¨ä¥Dn¦¨¤À¬O¯×½è(lipid)¡B³J¥Õ½è©M¤Ö¶qÁÞÃþ¡C¨äµ²ºc¥H¯×½è¬°°ò½è¡A³J¥Õ½èÆ^®r¨ä¤¤¡A¦³¨Ç³J¥Õ½è©|¦³ÁÞÃþªþµÛ¡C²ÓM½¤±±¨îª«½è¶i¥X²ÓM¡AH2O¡BO2¡BCO2µ¥¤p¤À¤l¥i¦Û¥Ñ¶i¥X¡A³J¥Õ½è¤§Ãþªº¤j¤À¤l«h¤£©ö³q¹L²ÓM½¤¡C
cell wall¡A²ÓM¾À¡A¥]³ò¦b²ÓMªº¥~³¡¡A¥Ñ ¤@ºØ¦hÁÞÃþªºÅÖºû¯ÀÐ`肽»E¸²µå¿}(peptidoglycan)²Õ¦¨¡A¨ã«OÅ@¥\¯à¡C´Óª«²ÓMªº²ÓM¾À(cell wall)¡A¦b²ÓM½¤ªº¥~³¡¡A¥ÑÅÖºû¯À²Õ¦¨¡A¨ã¤ä«ù©M«OÅ@²ÓMªº¥\¯à¡C
cellulose¡AÅÖºû¯À¡A¥Ñ¦Ê¤dÓ¸²µå¿}³æÅé¤À¤l»E¦X¦¨ªº¦hÁÞÃþ¥¨¤À¤l¡C
CEM, channel electron multiplier
centriole¡A¤¤¤ß²É¡A¦³¨âÓ§e¶ê¬Wª¬¡A¥Ñ·L¤pºÞ²Õ¦¨¡A¦ì©ó²ÓM®Öªþªñ¡C·í²ÓM¤Àµõ®É¡A¤¤¤ß²É¤]·|½Æ»s¦¨¨â¹ï¡A¦U¹ï¦V²ÓMªº¨â·¥²¾°Ê¡A¨Ã§Î¦¨¦³µ·¤Àµõªº¯¼½xÅé¡C
ceramide¡A¯«¸gñQÓi¡C
CF, continuous flow; cystic fibrosis
CGE, capillary gel electrophoresis
£\-CHCA, £\-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
chemical evolution¡A¤Æ¾Çºt¤Æ»¡¡A»{¬°¦a²yºt¤Æ¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¦a±ªº¤Æ¾Ç¦¨¤À¯à¦Ûì©lª¬ºAÅܦ¨¤pªº¦³¾÷¤À¤l¡A¦Aµo®i¥X¦³¾÷ª«¡A³Ì«á¦A¥X²{ì©l²ÓM¡C¤]ºÙ¬°¦³¾÷ºt¤Æ»¡¡C
chlorophyll¡A¸ºñ¯À¡A¤@ºØ¦³¾÷ª÷ÄݤƦXª«¡A§t¦³µµ½èÀô©M°t¦ìªºÁâ(Mg)ì¤l¡A¦s¦b©óºñ¦â´Óª«¤¤¡A±µ¨ü¥ú¶i¦æ¥ú¦X§@¥Î¡C
chloroplast¡A¸ºñÅé¡A¬O´Óª«²ÓM¶i¦æ¥ú¦X§@¥Îªº³õ©Ò¡A§t¦³¸ºñ¯À(chlorophyll)¡A¥i§l¦¬¥ú¯à¡A±N¤§Âର¤Æ¾Ç¯à¡C¸ºñÅé¤]§t¦³DNA©M®Ö¿}Åé¡A¥i¦X¦¨¤Ö¶q¦Û¨©Ò»Ýªº³J¥Õ½è¡C
chromatagraphy¡A¦â¼h¤ÀªR³N¡C
chromatin¡A¬V¦â½è¡A ¯u®Ö²ÓM¤¤ªº®Ö³J¥Õ½Æ¦XÅé¡A¥iºÙ¬°¥h®ñ®Ö¿}®Ö³J¥Õ¡A¬V¦â½è¬O¥Ñ³J¥Õ½è©MDNA²Õ¦¨¡C ¦b¥¼¤Àµõªº²ÓM¤¤¡A²ÓM®Ö¤j³¡¤À®e©ö³Q¬V¦â¡A³oºØ³Q¬V¦âªºª«½èºÙ¬°¬V¦â½è¡C·í²ÓM¤Àµõ®É¡A¬V¦â½è¾®»E¦¨¸Y±Kªº´Î§Î
chromosome¡A¬V¦âÅé¡C¬ODNA©M³J¥Õ½è²Õ¦¨¨ã¥\¯à©Êªº³æ¤¸¡C¬V¦âÅé¬O¥ÑÁû²Éª¬ªº³J¥Õ½è©MDNA²Õ¦¨ªº®ÖÅé©Ò»E¦X¦Ó¦¨¡A³o¨Ç®ÖÅéÂÇDNAªºÄñ¶»P³sµ²¡Aºò±K¾®»E¦Ó¦¨¬V¦âÅé¡CªGÃDzÓM¦³8±ø¬V¦âÅé¡A¤HÃþªº²ÓM¨CÓ¦³46±ø¬V¦âÅé¡A¨CÓ²ÓM¤ºDNAªºÁ`ªø«×¬ù1~2m¡A¦w¸m©óª½®|0.5£gmªº²ÓM®Ö¤º¡C
chymotrypsin¡AÁS³J¥Õ酶¡C
CI, chemical ionization
CID, collision-induced dissociation
CIEF, capillary isoelectric focusing
CLND, chemiluminescent nitrogen detector
CNBr, cyanogen bromide
cocci¡A²yµß¡A ¤@ºØ²y§Îªºì®Ö¥Íª«²Óµß¡C
CoA, coenzyme A
coenzyme¡A»²酶¡Cºc¦¨»Ã¯Àªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¨ó§U»Ã¯À¶i¦æ¥NÁ§@¥Î¡C
collagen¡A½¦ì³J¥Õ¡C¤@ºØÅÖºûª¬ªº³J¥Õ½è¡A¥Dn¦s©óÀY¾v¡B °©Àf¡Bµ¬µ¥²Õ´¤¤¡C½¦ì³J¥Õªº¤@¯Åµ²ºc ±`§tPro-Gly-X©ÎHyp-Gly-X¡A¨ä¤¤Pro = proline (²ãÓi»Ä)¡AGly = glycine (¥ÌÓi»Ä)¡AHyp = 5-hydroxy proline¡AX= ¥ô¦ó¤@ºØÓi°ò»Ä¡C
conjugated protein¡A½Æ¦X³J¥Õ½è¡A¥Ñ³J¥Õ½è©M«DÓi°ò»Ä¤À¤lµ²¦X¦Ó¦¨ªºª«½è¡A¨Ò¦pÁÞ³J¥Õ(³J¥Õ½è©MÁÞÃþ§Î¦¨ÁÞ³J¥Õ)¡B®Ö³J¥Õ(³J¥Õ½è©M®Ö»Ä§Î¦¨®Ö³J¥Õ)¡BÅK³J¥Õ(³J¥Õ½è©MÅK§Î¦¨ÅK³J¥Õ)¡C
CREMS, charge reduction electrospray mass spectrometry
CRF, charge-remote fragmentation
CRM, charge residue model
chordata¡A¯á¯Á°Êª«¡C
chromoplast¡AÂø¦âÅé¡C¦s¦b©ó´Óª«»PĦÃþªºªá¡BªG¹ê©M¸¤¤ªº²ÓM¤ºªº¦â¯ÀÅé¥iÂàÅܬ°Âø¦âÅé(chromoplast)¡A§t¦³¦hºØ¦â¯À¡C
CrPV, cricket paralysis virus
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
CSP, calf spleen phosphodiesterase
CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
CX, charge exchange
cyanobacteria¡AÂźñĦ(Âźñµß)
cysteine¡A¥b¯ÖÓi»Ä¡A20ºØ«nÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OCys ©Î C¡C¥b¯ÖÓi»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¹ª«¤¤²¸ªº¥Dn¨Ó·½¡A¬°±j¤Oªº§Ü®ñ¤Æ¾¯¡A¥i¨Ï¦Û¥Ñ°ò¤£¬¡¤Æ¡C2.§í¨î¨ã¬r©Êªº¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡A¥h°£Å餺¬r¯À¡C3.¥[³t´_ìÀøµ{¡C4.¼W¥[¹ï¯e¯fªº©è§Ü¤O¡C5.À°§UÀY¾v¡B¥Ö½§©M«ü¥Òªº¥Íªø¡C6.¦X¦¨¨¦¯Ö¥Ì?(glutathinoe)¥H¤¤©MÀô¹Ò¦Ã¬V¡A¥]¬A»·Ï¡C¤ÑµM¨Ó·½¡G1.¨Å»s«~¡B¦×Ãþ¡B³JÃþ¡B°ª³J¥Õ´ßÃþ¡C2.±N¥b¯ÖÓi»Ä¡Gºû¥L©RC¥H3¡G2ªº¤ñ¨Ò¤@°_ªA¥Î®É¡A¥i¹w¨¾µÇµ²¥Û©MÁxµ²¥Û¤§§Î¦¨¡C
cytoplasm¡A²ÓM½è¡A§e½¦ª¬¡A¬O²ÓM¶i¦æ¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³ªº³¡¦ì¡C¤¶©ó²ÓM½¤©M²ÓM®Ö¤§¶¡ªºì¥Í½è(protoplasm)¡A°Êª«²ÓMªº²ÓM½è¥Ña.½¦ºA°ò½è(¥Ñ³\¦h¤£¦Pªºª«½è·»©ó¤ô¤¤¦Ó²Õ¦¨¡A¬O²ÓM¶i¦æ¥NÁ§@¥Îªº³õ©Ò)©M b.¦hºØM¾¹ (¥]¬A i¤º½èºô¡Aii²É½uÅé¡Aiii°ª°ò¤óÅé¡Aiv·»Åé¡Av¤¤¤ß²É¡Avi·L²ÉÅé)ºc¦¨¡C´Óª«²ÓMªºµ²ºcÃþ¦ü°Êª«²ÓM¡A¦¹¥~©|¦³²ÓM¾À¡B²GM(vacuole)©M¸ºñÅé(chloroplast)µ¥ºc³y¡C´Óª«²ÓM¤§¶¡©|¦³ì¥Í½èµ·(plasmodesma)¡C
cytoplasmic streaming¡A²ÓM½è¬y¡A¦³¨Ç´Óª«ªº²ÓM¤ºª«½è±`·|¬y°Ê¡A³oºØ²{¶HºÙ¬°²ÓM½è¬y¡C
cytosine¡AMáGÔr¡A4-amino-2(1H)-pyrimidinone©Î4-amino-2-pyrimidinol¡A©Î4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine¡A¬OáGÔrªºl¥Íª«¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C4H5N3O¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°111.10 amu¡A320~325¢J¤À¸Ñ¡CMáGÔr¬O²Õ¦¨DNAªº¥|ºØÆP°ò¤§¤@¡A ²Å¸¹¬OC¡A©M³¾ÁTáIËï(guanine¡AG)§Î¦¨¤¬¸ÉªºÆP°ò°t¹ï¡C
cytoskeleton¡A§t³J¥Õ½èªº²ÓM°©¬[¡C²ÓM°©¬[¦³¤TºØ§ÎºA¡G(1)·LºÞ(microtubules)¡Aª½®|¬ù22nm¡A¥Ñ·LºÞ³J¥Õ(tubulin)²Õ¦¨¡A(2)·Lµ·(microfilaments)¡Aª½®|¬ù6nm¡A¥Ñ¦Ù°Ê³J¥Õ(actin)²Õ¦¨¡A(3)¤¤¶¡µ·(intermediate filaments)¡Aª½®|¬ù7~11nm¡C
CZE, capillary-zone electrophresis
Da, dalton
DCTA, trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetracetic acid
DDI (2', 3'-dideoxyinosine)¡A ¤@ºØ§t¤ºÒ¿}¤ÎÃþ¦ü³¾ÁTáIË諸¤À¤l¡A ©MAZT¤@¼Ë¡A¥Î¨ÓªvÀøAIDS (acqired immune deficiency syndrome)ªº«nÃĪ«¡C
denaturation¡AÅÜ©Ê¡C ³J¥Õ½èªº³à¥¢¦ÛµMºc§Î¡A±`¦]¤G¯Å ©M¤T¯Åµ²ºc¾D¯}Ãa¡A¦ý¤@¯Åµ²ºc ¤´ºû«ùì¼Ë¡C
DHB, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
DIOS, desorption/ionization on silicone
dipeptide¡AÂù(¤G)Ð`¡C¥Ñ¨âÓÓi°ò»Ä¥HÐ`肽Áä³s¦¨ªº¤G¤¸Åé¡C
DNA¡Adeoxyribonucleic acid¡A¥h®ñ®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä¡A¬Oºc¦¨¬V¦âÅ骺¥Dn¦¨¤Àª«½è¡Aª¬¦üÅÖ²Ó¥B±²¦±ªºÅÖºû¡AÄâ±a(Àx¦s)²ÓM¿ò¶Çªº«H®§¡CDNA¥Ñ(1)dAMP(¥h®ñ¸¢®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)¡A(2)dGMP(¥h®ñ³¾ÁT®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)¡A(3)dCMP(¥h®ñM®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)¡A©M(4)dTMP(¥h®ñ¯Ý¸¢®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)µ¥¥|ºØ³æÅé²Õ¦¨¡A¤HÅé¬V¦âÅ餤¨C¤@®æDNA¤À¤l¦Ü¤Ö§t¦³¤W¦Ê¸UÓ®Ö苷»Ä¡CDNA¸g¥ÑÂà¿ý§@¥Î(transcription)¥i§Î¦¨RNA¡A¥]¬A¶Ç°TRNA(mRNA)¡AÂà°eRNA(tRNA)©M®Ö¿}ÅéRNA(rRNA)¡C³o¨ÇRNA¦b²ÓM®Ö¤º§Î¦¨«á¡A¹B°e¦Ü²ÓM½è¤¤°Ñ»P³J¥Õ½èªº¦X¦¨¡C
disaccharide¡AÂùÁÞ¡A ¥Ñ¨âÓ³æ¿}ÂDzæ¤ô§@¥Î¦Ó¦X¦¨ªºÁÞÃþ¡A§t³ÁªÞ¿}(¨âÓ¸²µå¿}¤À¤l)¡B¨Å¿}(¦p¤@Ó¸²µå¿}¸²µå¿}¤À¤l©M¤@Ó¥b¨Å¿}¤À¤l²Õ¦X¦Ó¦¨)¡C
domain¡Aµ²ºc°ì¡C³J¥Õ½è¤À¤l¤¤ªº¬YÓ°Ï°ì¡A¤j¬ù§t¦³50~400ÓÓi°ò»Äªº¿W¥ßµ²ºc¡A¨ã¦³¬YºØ¥Íª«¥\¯à¡C
DTE, dithioerythritol
DTT, dithiothreitol
ECD, electron-capture dissociation
ECF, extracellular fluid
ecosystem¡A¥ÍºA¨t¡C ¸s¶°©MµL¾÷Àô¹Òºc¦¨¥ÍºA¨t¡C
electrolyte¡A¹q¸Ñ½è¡A¨ã¦³¾É¹q§@¥ÎªºÂ÷¤l¡C
electrophoresis¡A¹qªa¤ÀªR³N¡C
ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoassay
endo H, endo-£]-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H
endoplasmic reticulum¡A¤º½èºô¡A´²¥¬©ó²ÓM½è¤¤¡A¥Ñ½¤ºc¦¨ªººôª¬ºc³y¡A±`»P²ÓM½¤©M®Ö½¤¬Û³s¡A¨ã¨ó§U¹B¿éª«½èªº¥\¯à¡A§t¯S®í»Ã¯À¡A¶i¦æ¥NÁ§@¥Î¡C¤º½èºô¤W±`ªþµÛ²Ó¤pªº®Ö¿}Åé(ribosome¡A¥ÑRNA©M³J¥Õ½è²Õ¦¨¡A¬O²ÓM¦X¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº¦a¤è)¡C
enzyme¡A»Ã¯À¡C
epihephrine¡AµÇ¤W¸¢¯À¡C
esterification¡Aà¤Æ¤ÏÀ³¡A»Ä©M¾J¶i¦æ²æ¤ô¤ÏÀ³§Î¦¨àÃþ¤Æ¦Xª«¡C
eukaryotes¡A¯u®Ö²ÓM¡Aª½®|¤j¬ù10~100£gm¡A¥~¼h³Q²ÓM½¤¥]³òµÛ¡A²ÓM¤º¦³©úÅ㪺²ÓM®Ö¦s¦b¡A¨ä¿ò¶Çª«½èDNA¥]¦b®Ö½¤¤º¡A¸û¤j¥B½ÆÂø¡A¦h¼Æªº°Êª«©M´Óª«ªº²ÓM§¡¬°¯u®Ö²ÓM¡C©Ò¦³¯u®Ö²ÓM¬Ò¦³(1)²ÓM®Ö¡A(2)¤º½èºô(¤º§t®Ö¿}Åé)¡A(3)°ª°ò¤óÅé¡A©M(4)²É½uÅé¡C°Êª«²ÓM©|¦³·»酶Åé©M¹L®ñ¤Æ酶Åé¡A´Óª«²ÓM¦³¸ºñÅé©M¤AîÇ´`ÀôÅé¡C´Óª«²ÓM°£²ÓM½¤¥~©|¦³²ÓM¾À¡C
E. coli¡A¤j¸z±ìµß¡A³Ì¤jªºì®Ö¥Íª«²Óµß¡A¥~§Î¬°±ìª¬¡A¤j¤p¬ù2.95£gm x 0.64£gm¡A«¶q2 x 10-12 g¡AÅé¿n0.88£gm3¡C²ÓM¤º¬ù¦³4000~6000Ó¤£¦Pª«½è¡A¨ä¤¤3000Ó¬°³J¥Õ½è¡C¤j¸z±ìµß©Ò§tªºDNA¤À¤l¶q¬ù2.5 x 109 kDa¡A§t4.7 x 106ÆP°ò¹ï¡Aªø«×¤j¬ù1.4 mm¡C
extron¡Aªí²{§Ç¦C¡A¯u®Ö¥Íª«°ò¦]¤¤¡A ¥iÂàĶ¥X³J¥Õ½èªº³¡¤À¡A¤j¬ù§t120~150®Ö苷»Ä(nucleotides)¡A©Ò¹ïÀ³³J¥Õ½èªºªø«×¬ù§t40~50ÓÓi°ò»Ä¡C
fibrous protein¡AÅÖºû³J¥Õ¡C
flagella¡AÃ@¤ò¡A²Óµßªí±·|¨Ï²ÓM²¾°Êªº¤p¾¹©x¡C
fmol, femtomole
folic acid¡A¸»Ä¡C¤@ºØ»²酶¡C
frutose¡AªG¿}¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H12O6¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°180.16 amu¡A103~105¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C
FSOT, fused-silica open tubular
furanose¡AÏê³ä¿}¡C
genetic code¡A¿ò¶Ç±K½X¡A¨CºØ¥Íª«ªºDNAªº§t´áÆP°òªº¶¶§Ç³£¤£¦P¡A³o¤£¦Pªº¶¶§Ç§Y¦¨¬°¿ò¶Ç±K½X¡C
genome¡A°ò¦]²Õ¡A ²ÓM¤¤©Ò¦³¿ò¶Ç°T®§ªº³¡¤À¡C
galactose¡A¥b¨Å¿}¡C¤]ºÙ¬°cerebrose ©Î brain sugar¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H12O6¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°180.16 amu¡Aº²ÂI¬°167¢J¡C
GalNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
GHRF, growth-hormone-releasing factor
GLP, glycerophosphatidic acid
globular protein¡A²y³J¥Õ(²yª¬³J¥Õ½è)¡C
glucose¡A¸²µå¿}¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H12O6¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°180.16 amu¡C
glucose oxidase¡A¸²µå¿}®ñ¤Æ酶¡C²Óµß¤¤©M¸²µå¿}¥NÁ¦³Ãöªº»Ã¯À¡C
glutamine¡A¾¢ñQÓi»Ä¡C2-aminoglutaramic acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OGln ©Î Q¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H10N2O3¡AH2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=H2N-CO-(CH2)2¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°146.15 amu¡A185~186¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C
glutamic acid¡A¾¢Ói»Ä¡Aglutaminic acid ©Î2-aminopentanedioic acid©Î£\-aminoglutaric acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OGlu ©Î E¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H9NO4¡AHOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=HOOC-(CH2)2-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°147.13 amu¡A247~249¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¾¢Ói»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¤j¸£ªº¿U®Æ¨Ó·½¡A¬O¤Ö¼Æ¯à¶i¤J¸£³¡¡A°Ñ»P¤j¸£¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³ªºª«½è¤§¤@¡C2.n¨Ï¸£³¡µo´§¥¿±`¥\¯à¡A¥²»Ý´£¨Ñ©Ò»Ýªº¾¢Ói»Ä¨Ó«O«ù¯«¸g¨t²Îªº°·±d¡C3.À°§U¿}§¿¯f¤H¦å¿}±±¨î¡C4.À°§U®ø¤Æ©Ê¼ìºÅªº´_ì¡C
glutathione¡A¾¢¯Ö¥Ì肽¡A¤@ ºØ¤TÐ`¡A¥Ñ (1)¾¢Ói»Ä ¡A(2)¥b¯ÖÓi»Ä ¡A(3)¥ÌÓi»Ä ¥H¨âÓÐ`肽Áä³s¦¨ªº¤T¤¸Åé¤À¤l¡A¦b²ÓM¤º½Õ±±®ñ¤ÆÁÙì¤ÏÀ³¡A¨Ã·|¯}Ãa¦³®`ªº¦Û¥Ñ°ò¡C
gluten¡A¾¢½è¡C
glycerol¡A¥Ìªo¡C¥Ñ¤TÓ¤À¤lªº¯×ªÕ»Ä²Õ¦¨ªº¤À¤l
glycine¡A¥ÌÓi»Ä¡Aglutaminic acid ©Î2-aminopentanedioic acid©Î£\-aminoglutaric acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OGly ©Î G¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C2H5NO2¡AH-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=H¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°75.07 amu¡A~233¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¥ÌÓi»Ä¯à«P¶iÅKªº§l¦¬¡CÅK¬O¦å¬õ¯À ( Hemoglobin ) ©M¦Ù¬õ³J¥Õ ( Myoglobin ) ªº¦¨¤À¡A¦Ó¦¹¤GªÌ¦b¨ÅéùجO¹B¿é®ñ®ð©M¶J¦s®ñ®ðªº«nª«½è¡AY¯Ê¤Ö«hÅ餺¥Í¤Æ¤Wªº®ñ¦X§@¥Î( Oxygenation ) ±N¨ü¨ìÄY«ªº¼vÅT¡CÅK¥ç¬O²É¸¢Åé ( Mitochondrial ) ¤W¤@¨Ç ( Enzyme ) ªº¦¨¤À©Î»²¦]¤l¡A¦b¨Åé¥NÁ¾i¤À¡A²£¥Í¯à¶qªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡At¦³«n¥ô°È¡C°Êª«»s³yÅé²ÓM³J¥Õ½è®É¡A»ÝnáIËï ( Purines )¡A¦ÓÅK½è«h¬O¦X¦¨áIËï ( Purines ) ªº¥²»Ýª«½è¡A¦]¦¹¯Ê¥FÅK½è®É¡A¥Íªø±N¨üªý¡AÄY«®É§ó²£¥Í¤p¦å²y¤Î§C¦â¯À©Ê³h¦å ( Microcytic hypochromic anemia )¡C ¥ÌÓi»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.Ói°ò»Ä¤¤ºc³y³Ì²³æªÌ¡C2.¨Ï¯«¸g¨t²Î¡B¥Ö½§©M¦Ù¦×²Õ´µo´§¥¿±`¥\¯à¤§¥²n¤¸¯À¡C
glycogen¡A¨xÁÞ¡C¤@ºØ¦hÁÞ»E¤À¤l¥Î¨ÓÀx¦s¸²µå¿}¯à¶q¡A¦s¦b©ó°Êª«ªº¨xŦ²ÓM¤Î¦Ù¦×²ÓM¤¤¡C
glycolipid¡AÁޯסCÁC¯×¤À¤l¤¤§t¦³Áx©T¾J©Î»PÁÞÃþ¦X¦¨ªº¤À¤l¡A¬O²ÓM½¤ªº¦¨¤À¤§¤@¡C
glycosphingolipid¡A¿}ÀTÁC¯×¡C
Golgi body¡A°ª°ò¤óÅé¡A¥Ñ¼ÆÓ½¤ª¬«ó¥ªº¤pMÅé²Õ¦¨¡A§t¯S®íªº»Ã¯À¨t²Î¡A¨ã¦³¦X¦¨¤Î¶J¦s¤Àªcª«(¦pÅÖºû¯À)¡B®ø¤Æ»Ã¯À©M¿E¯Àµ¥ªº¥\¯à¡C
gonuim¡A½L¾þ¡A§t¦³4¡B8©Î16Ó²ÓM¡A²ÓMªºÃ@¤ò¦U¦ÛÂ\°Ê¡A´Â¦P¤@¤è¦V¡A¥i±À°Ê¸sÅé¦b¤ô¤¤¦æ¶i¡C
gout¡Aµh·¡C
GPS, gylcerophosphatidic acid
GPC, gylcerophosphocholine; gel-pereation chromatography
GPE, gylcerophosphoethano;amine
GPI, gylcerophosphoinoositol
GPS, gylcerophosphoserine
grana¡A¸ºñ »æ¡C³\¦h«ó¥ªº¸ºñÅn ºò±K°ïÅ|§Î¦¨¸ºñ»æ¡C³ò¶¦b¸ºñ »æ©P³òªº²GºAª«½è¡AºÙ¬°°ò½è(stroma)¡A¸ºñ »æ¤§¶¡¦³Ånª¬½¤¬Û³s¡C
GSL, gylcosphingolipid
guanine¡A³¾ÁTáIËï¡A2-amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one©Î2-aminohypoxanthine¡A¬OáIË諸l¥Íª«¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H5N5O¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°151.13 amu¡A~360¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C³¾ÁTáIËï¬O²Õ¦¨DNAªº¥|ºØÆP°ò¤§¤@¡A ²Å¸¹¬OG¡A©MMáGÔr(cytosine¡AC)§Î¦¨¤¬¸ÉªºÆP°ò°t¹ï¡C
HABA, 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid
HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV, heptatits B virus
HEL, hen egg lysozyme
heme¡A¦å½è¡A¤@ºØ¦³¾÷ª÷ÄݤƦXª«¡A§t¦³µµ½èÀô©M°t¦ìªº ¥¿¤G»ùªºÅK(Fe2+)ì¤l¡A¦s¦b©ó¹B°e®ñ¤À¤lªº³J¥Õ½è¦å¬õ¯À©M¦Ù¬õ¯À¤¤¡A¦b©I§lÃ줤³J¥Õ½è¦¨¤Àªº²ÓM¦â¯ÀC¤Î®ñ¤Æ²B酶¤¤¤] §t¦³¦å½è¡C
hemoglobin¡A¦å¬õ¯À¡C¯á´Õ°Êª«Å餺¡AÄâ±a®ñ®ðªº¥Dn³J¥Õ½è¤À¤l¡C¥Ñ¨âÓ£\«¬©M¨âÓ£]«¬¦¸³æ¤¸©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¥|»EÅé¡A±`¥Î£\2£]2¨Óªí¥Ü¥¦ªºµ²ºc¡C£\«¬«¬¦¸³æ¤¸¥Ñ141ÓÓi°ò»Ä²Õ¦¨¡A¦Ó£]«¬¦¸³æ¤¸¥Ñ146ÓÓi°ò»Ä²Õ¦¨¡C¨CÓ¦¸³æ¤¸³£§t¤@Ó¦å½è ¡A¥i©M¤@Ó®ñ¤À¤l§@¥Î¡A¦]¦¹¤@Ó¦å¬õ¯À¤À¤l¥iÄâ±a¥|Ó®ñ¤À¤l¡C
heptose¡A¤CºÒÁÞ¡C
heterotroph¡A²§Àç¥Íª«¡A¥i¦Û¥~¬É§l¦¬¤p«¬¦³¾÷¤À¤l§@¬°¹ª«ªºì©l²ÓM¡C
heteropolymer¡A «D§¡½è»E¦Xª«¡A¥H³J¥Õ½è¬°¨Ò¡A¥¦¬O¥Ñ³\¦h¤£¦PªºÓi°ò»Ä¥HñQÓiÁä³sµ²ªº»E¦Xª«¡A¨ä¤£¦PªºÓi°ò»Äªºµ²ºc©M¯S©Ê³£¦³®t²§¡A ³oÃþ¨ã¤À¤lºÙ¬°§¡½è»E¦Xª«¡C
heteropolysaccharide¡A²§¦hÁÞ¡A¥Ñ¨âºØ©Î¦hºØ³æ¿}»E¦X¦¨ªº¦h¿}¡C
hexose¡A¤»ºÒÁÞ¡C
HGP, human genome project
histidine¡A²Õ(´)Ói»Ä¡A£\-amino-4(or5)-imidazolepropionic acid ©Îglyoxaline-5-alanine¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OHis ©Î H¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H9N3O2¡ANH-CH=N-CH=C-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=NH-CH=N-CH=C-CH2-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°155.16 amu¡A~287¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
homopolymer¡A §¡½è»E¦Xª«¡A¹ï¦hÁÞÃþ(¨Ò¦p¾ý¯»©ÎÅÖºû¯À)¦Ó¨¥¡A¥¦¬O¥Ñ³\¦h¿}¤À¤l³æÅé²Õ¦¨¡A¨ä³æÅ骺µ²ºc©M¯S©Ê¬O¤@Pªº¡A³oÃþ¨ã¤À¤lºÙ¬°§¡½è»E¦Xª«¡C
HPA, 3-hydroxypicolinic acid
HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
hydrophilic¡A¿Ë¤ô©Êªº¡C
hydrophobic¡A²¨¤ô©Êªº¡C
hypertonic solution¡A°ª±i·»²G©Î°ªº¯³zÀ£·»²G¡C²ÓM¥~·»²Gªº¿@«×°ª©ó²ÓM¤ºª«½èªºº¯³zÀ£®É¡A³o®É²ÓM¥~·»²GºÙ¬°°ª±i·»²G©Î°ªº¯³zÀ£·»²G¡C¨Ò¦p¤HÃþ¬õ¦å²y¸m©ó1.3%´â¤Æ¶u·»²G(°ª±i·»²G©Î°ªº¯³zÀ£·»²G)¤¤¡A¬õ¦å²y·|µäÁY¡C
hypotonic solution¡A§C±i·»²G©Î§Cº¯³zÀ£·»²G¡C²ÓM¥~·»²Gªº¿@«×§C©ó²ÓM¤ºª«½èªºº¯³zÀ£®É¡A³o®É²ÓM¥~·»²GºÙ¬°§C±i·»²G©Î§Cº¯³zÀ£·»²G¡C¨Ò¦p¤HÃþ¬õ¦å²y¸m©ó0.3%´â¤Æ¶u·»²G(§C±i·»²G©Î§Cº¯³zÀ£·»²G)¤¤¡A·»²Gªº¤ô¤À¤£Â_¶i¤J¬õ¦å²y¡A¬õ¦å²y·|¤@ª½¿±µÈ¥HP¯}µõ¡C
IAE, immunoaffinity extraction
IMAC, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography
immune¡A§K¬Ì¡C
IMS, ion mobility spectrometry
intron¡A´¡¤J§Ç¦C¡A¯u®Ö¥Íª«°ò¦]¤¤¡A¤£·|ÂàĶ¥X³J¥Õ½èªº³¡¤À¡A¤j¬ù§t50~20000®Ö苷»Ä(nucleotides)¡C¦Ü¤µ¬ì¾Ç®a©|¤£ª¾¬°¦ó·|¦s¦b"¦ü¥G¨S¦³¥Îªº"intronsªºì¦]¡C
invertebrates¡AµL¯á´Õ°Êª«¡C
isoenzyme¡A¦P¥\酶¡C
isoleucine¡A²§¥ÕÓi»Ä¡A2-amino-3-methylvaleric acid¡A©Î£\-amino-£]-methylvaleric acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OIle ©Î I¡C¨ã«D·¥©Ê¡A¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H13NO2¡ACH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A§Y°¼ÃìR=CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°137.17 amu¡A145~148¢Jª@µØ¡A293~295¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C²§¥ÕÓi»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¬°¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡C2.¦å¬õ¯À§Î¦¨¤§¥²¶·ª«½è¡C
isotonic solution¡Aµ¥±i·»²G©Îµ¥º¯³zÀ£·»²G¡C²ÓM¤ºª«½èªºº¯³zÀ£»P²ÓM¥~·»²G¬Ûµ¥®É¡A ³o®É²ÓM¥~·»²GºÙ¬°µ¥±i·»²G©Îµ¥º¯³zÀ£·»²G¡C¨Ò¦p¤HÃþ¬õ¦å²y¸m©ó0.9%´â¤Æ¶u·»²G(µ¥±i·»²G©Îµ¥º¯³zÀ£·»²G)¤¤¤£·|µäÁY¤]¤£·|¿±µÈ¡C
KDO, 2-keto-3-deoxymannooctulosonic acid
keratin¡A¨¤³J¥Õ¡C
lactase¡A¨Å¿}酶¡C
lactone¡A¤ºà¡C
lactose¡A¨Å¿}¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C12H22O11¡A
lactate¡A¨Å»Ä¡C
LAP, leucyl aminopeptidase
leucine¡A¥ÕÓi»Ä¡A2-amino-4-methylvaleric acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OLeu ©Î L¡C¨ã«D·¥©Ê¡A¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H13NO2¡A(CH3)2-CH-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A§Y°¼ÃìR=CH2-CH(CH3)2¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°137.17 amu¡A168~170¢Jª@µØ¡A~284¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¥ÕÓi»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¬°¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡C2.®Ú¾Ú¤åÄm°O¸ü¡A¥¦¹ï¨º¨ÇµLªk¼W«©Î´î«ªº¤H¬O¦³®Äªº¡C
leucoplast¡A¥Õ¦âÅé¡C¦s¦b©ó´Óª«»PĦÃþªº®Ú©M²ôªº²ÓM¤ºªº¦â¯ÀÅé¥iÂàÅܬ°¥Õ¦âÅé(leucoplast)¡A¥Õ¦âÅé¯àÀx¦s¹ª«¦p¾ý¯»¡C
lipid¡A¯×½è¡A¬O¯×ªÕ©MªoÃþªº²ÎºÙ¡A¬Oºc¦¨²ÓM¤º½¤ª¬ºc³yªº¥Dn¦¨¤À¡A²üº¸»Xªºµ²ºc¤¤¤]§t¯×½è¡A¥i¶Ç»¼¥Íª«°T¸¹¡C¥¦Ìªº¤À¤lªo¤@¤À¤l¥Ìªo©M¤T¤À¤l¯×ªÕ»Ä²Õ¦¨¡A§tºÒ¡B²B¡B®ñ¡Bµ¥¤¸¯À ¡A¥¦³Ì¤jªº¯S©Ê¬O§C¤ô·»©Ê¡C¯×½èªº¥Dn¥\¯à¬O¦b¥NÁ¹Lµ{¤¤§@¬°´£¨Ñ¯à¶qªº¤À¤l¡C
lipoprotein¡A¯×³J¥Õ¡A¬O¤@ºØ³J¥Õ½è¡A¦b¦å²G¤¤¥Î¨Ó¹B°e§C¤ô·»©Êªº¥Íª«¤À¤l(¦pÁx©T¾J)¡C
loop¡AÀôª¬µ²ºc¡A³J¥Õ½è¤G¯Åµ²ºc ªºÀôª¬µ²ºc¡A¥iµø¬°Âà§éµ²ºcªº©µ¦ù¡C¥i¥H(1)Âà´«Ð`肽Ã쪺¤è¦V¡A(2)³s±µ¸û³W«ßªº¤G¯Åµ²ºc(¦p£\Á³±Û©M£]ºP¶)¡C¤@ÓÀôª¬µ²ºc¤j¬ù¥]§t6~16ÓÓi°ò»Ä¡Aªø«×¬ù10Å¡C
LOS, lipooligosaccharides
LPS, lipopolysaccharides
LT, leutotriene
lysine¡AÂ÷Ói»Ä¡A2,6-diaminohexanoic acid ¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OLys ©Î K¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C6H14N2O2¡AH2N-(CH2)4-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=H2N-(CH2)4-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°146.19 amu¡A~224¢J¤À¸Ñ¡CÂ÷Ói»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¬°¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡C2.«P¶iµo¨|¡C3.²Õ´׸ɡC4.¦³§U§Î¦¨§ÜÅé¡B²üº¸»X¤Î»Ã¯À¡C¤ÑµM¨Ó·½¡G¨Å¹T¡B¿à°¨¨§¡B¨ª¦×¡B³JÃþ¡B¤û¥¤¡B¤j¨§¡B°¨¹aÁ¦¡B³½¡B»Ã¥À¡C
lysosomes¡A·»Åé¡A§t¦hºØ¤ô¸Ñ»Ã¯À¡A¥i¤À¸Ñ¤j¤À¤lª«½è¡A¦³§U©ó²ÓM¤º¦UºØ²Õ¦¨ª«½èªº§ó·s¡C
mAb, monoclonal antibody
MAGIC, monodisperse aerosol generation interface for chromatography
MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
macromolecule¡A¥¨¤À¤l¡A¥Ñ¤p¤À¤l»E¦X¦Ó¦¨ªº¥¨¤j«¬¤À¤l¡A¨Ò¦p¦h肽©Î¦h®Ö苷»Ä¡C
mesosome¡A¶¡Åé¡A²ÓM½¤©M²ÓM¾À¤§¶¡ªº²ÓM¡A§Î¦¨¦h¼hªºµ²ºc¡C
metabolism¡A·s³¯¥NÁ¡A ¥Íª«Å骺²ÓM¦P®É¶i¦æ¦X¦¨§@¥Î©M¤À¸Ñ§@¥Î¡A¨Ï·sªºª«½è¤£Â_¥[¤J²ÓMÅé¡A¦Óªºª«½è¤£Â_³Q¤À¸Ñ¡A ³o¨âºØ§@¥Î¦XºÙ¬°·s³¯¥NÁ¡C
methioine¡A¥Ò²¸Ói»Ä¡A2-amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OMet ©Î M¡C¨ã«D·¥©Ê°¼ÃìR=-(CH3)2-S-CH3¡A¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H1NO2S¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°149.21 amu¡Aº²ÂI280~282¢J¡C¥Ò²¸Ói»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¬°¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡C2.À°§U¦X¦¨¥b¯ÖÓi»Ä¤ÎÓi°ò¤AÁD»Ä¡C3.±j¤Æ«ü¥Ò¡B¼W¥[¥Ö½§ªº¬X³n©Ê©Mºò±i«×¡C4.¹ï²b¤Æ¨xµÇ¡B±±¨îÁx©T¾J¤Î²M°£¦³¬r¼oª«³£¦³À°§U¡C
micelle¡A·LM¡C
microbody¡A·L²ÉÅé¡A¶È¦s©ó¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº²ÓM¡A¦p¨x²ÓM¡C¤£¦P²ÓM¤ºªº·L²ÉÅ馳¤£¦Pªº¥\¯à¡A¦ý³£§t»Ã¯À¡A¥i¤À¸Ñ¹L®ñ¤Æ²B(H2O2)¡C
microfibrils¡A·LìÅÖºû¡C
mitochondria¡A²É½uÅé¡A¦b¹q¤lÅã·LÃè¤U¡A§e¾ò¶ê§Îª¬¦üþ¸z¡A¥Ñ¨â¼h½¤²Õ¦¨¡C¤º½¤¦V¤ºµÄ¬ð¥X¡A§Î¦¨³\¦h¥¦æªº¾î½¤¡A½¤¤W¦³¶i¦æ©I§l§@¥Îªº»Ã¯À(enzyme)¡A¬O²ÓM¤ºª«½è®ñ¤Æ²£¥Í¯à¶q(²ÓM¬¡°Ê©Ò»ÝªºATP)ªº³õ©Ò¡A¦³²ÓM¯à¶q¤u¼t¤§ºÙ¡C²É½uÅ骺¤j¤p©M¥Í²z¬¡°Ê³£Ãþ¦ü²Óµß¡A§tDNA©M®Ö¿}Åé¡A¥i¦Û»s¤Ö¶q¥»¨©Ò»Ýªº³J¥Õ½è¡A¨Ã¯à¶i¦æ¤ÀµõÁc´Þ¡C
monosaccharide¡A³æÁÞ¡A ¥Íª«Å餺³Ì²³æ¥B³Ì«nªºÁÞÃþ¡A§t¤ºÒÁÞ(¦p®Ö¿}©M¥h®ñ®Ö¿})©M¤»ºÒÁÞ(¦p¸²µå¿}¡BªG¿}©M¥b¨Å¿})¡C
motif¡A¶W¤G¯Åµ²ºc¡A§Ysuper secondary structure¡A¥HÂà§é(bend)©ÎÀôª¬µ²ºc(loop)§â£\Á³±Û©M£]ºP¶µ²¦X¦b¤@°_ªºµ²ºc¡A³oºØ²Õ¦X±`¥X²{¦b³J¥Õ½è¤À¤l¤¤¡A¨ã¦³¯S®í¥Íª«¥\¯à¡A
mRNA¡Amessenger ribonucleic acid¡A«H¨Ï®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä ¡AmRNA§@¬°¦X¦¨³J¥Õ½è®Éªº¼ÒªO(template)¡A¥H«ü©w¯S©wºØÃþªºÓi°ò»Ä§@¬°³J¥Õ½èÃ쪺¦¨¤À¡C
mutarotion¡AÅܱۧ@¥Î¡A£\©M£]«¬¥ßÅ鲧ºcª«(¨Ò¦p¡G£\-D-吡³ä¸²µå¿}©M£]-D-吡³ä¸²µå¿})¤§¶¡ªº¤¬¬ÛÂà´«¡C
mutation¡A¬ðÅÜ¡ADNA½Æ»sªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡AY(1)¤@Ó¿ù»~ªº®Ö苷»Ä ³Q´¡¤J¡A©Î(2)¦h¾lªº®Ö苷»Ä³Q¥[¤J¡A©Î(3)¤@Ó®Ö苷»Ä ³Q§R°£¡A«h¤l¥NªºDNA·|²£¥Í²§¼ËªºÅܤơA¦¨¬°¬ðÅÜ¡C¬ðÅܦ³¨âºØ±¡ªp¡G(1)Yµo¥Í¦bDNAªºªí²{§Ç¦C(extrons)¡A«h³J¥Õ½èªºÓi°ò»Äªº±Æ¦C·|§ïÅÜ¡A³J¥Õ½èªº¾÷¯à¤£¹ü¡C(2)Yµo¥Í¦bDNAªº«D±K½X³¡¤À(introns)¡A«h³J¥Õ½èªº¥\¯à¤£¨ü¼vÅT¡C
myoglobin¡A¦Ù¬õ¯À¡C
myosin¡A¦Ù¾®³J¥Õ¡A ¨ó§U¹B°Ê¦³Ãöªº³J¥Õ¡C
NADH, nicotinamide adenine denuclleotide (reduced form)
native conformation¡A¦ÛµMºc§Î¡A §Y³J¥Õ½èªº¤T¯Åµ²ºc¡C¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê°¼Ã쪺Ói°ò»Ä¥H«D¦@»ùÁä§@¥Î¤Oµ²¦X¦¨Ã©wªºµ²ºc¡C
NC, netrocellulose
niacin¡AµÒÆP»Ä¡C ºc¦¨NAD+»²酶ªº¦¨¤À¡C
NOG, n-octyl pyranoglucoside
nuclear envelope¡A®Ö½¤¡A²ÓM®Öªº¥~¦ç¡A½¤¤W¦³³\¦h¤p¤Õ¡A ¤ô¡BÂ÷¤l¡B¤p¤À¤l(¦pATP©M¤p¬qªºRNS)¥i¬ï¹L®Ö½¤¡A ¦ý¤j¤À¤l(¦pA³J¥Õ½è)«h¨üºÞ¨î¡C¦]¦¹¡A®Ö½¤±±¨îª«½è¦b²ÓM ®Ö©M²ÓM½è ¶¡ªº¬y°Ê¡C
nucleic acid¡A®Ö»Ä¡A²ÓM¤¤¦s¦bªº¤T¤jÃþ¥¨¤À¤l¤§¤@¡A¥Ñ®Ö苷»Ä(nucleotides)³æÅé²Õ¦¨ªº«D§¡½è»E¦Xª«¡A¦b½ÆÂøªº¥Íª«¹Lµ{¤¤¶J¦s¤Î¶Ç»¼°ò¦]°T®§¡C
nucleolus¡A®Ö¤¯¡A²ÓM ¤º»s³y®Ö¿}Å骺³õ©Ò¡A²ÓM®Ö ¤º±`§t¦³¤@өΦhÓ®Ö¤¯¡A ¨ä¤¤ªºDNAt³dÂà¿ý§Î¦¨®Ö¿}Å骺RNA¡AµM«á»P¨Ó¦Û²ÓM½è ªº³J¥Õ½èµ²¦X¦¨®Ö¿}Å骺¦¸³æ¤¸(subunit)¡C³o¨Ç®Ö¿}Å馸³æ¤¸¸g®Ö¤Õ¹B¥X¦Ü²ÓM½è¡C·í¦X¦¨³J¥Õ½è®É¡A¨C¤GÓ¦¸³æ¤¸²Õ¦¨®Ö¿}Åé¡A°Ñ»PÂàĶ§@¥Î(translation)¡C¤@ӥͪø¤¤ªº²ÓM¡A¨C¤ÀÄÁ¥i»s³y¤@¸UÓ®Ö¿}Åé¡C
nucleosome¡A®ÖÅé¡A²ÓM ¤º»s³y®Ö¿}Å骺³õ©Ò¡A²ÓM®Ö ¤º±`§t¦³¤@өΦhÓ®Ö¤¯¡A¨ä¤¤ªºDNAt³dÂà¿ý§Î¦¨®Ö¿}Å骺RNA¡AµM«á»P¨Ó¦Û²ÓM½è ªº³J¥Õ½èµ²¦X¦¨®Ö¿}Å骺¦¸³æ¤¸(subunit)¡C³o¨Ç®Ö¿}Å馸³æ¤¸¸g®Ö¤Õ¹B¥X¦Ü²ÓM½è¡C·í¦X¦¨³J¥Õ½è®É¡A¨C¤GÓ¦¸³æ¤¸²Õ¦¨®Ö¿}Åé¡A°Ñ»PÂàĶ§@¥Î(translation)¡C¤@ӥͪø¤¤ªº²ÓM¡A¨C¤ÀÄÁ¥i»s³y¤@¸UÓ®Ö¿}Åé¡C
nucleotide¡A®Ö苷»Ä¡A®Ö苷»Ä¬O²Õ¦¨®Ö»Äªº³æÅé¡A§t(1)¤ºÒ¿}¡A(2)§t´áªºÆP°ò¡A(3)ÁC»Ä¤T³¡¤À¡C
nucleus¡A²ÓM®Ö¡A³Q²ÓM½¤¥]³ò¡A®Ö½¤¤W¦³¤p¤Õ(®Ö½¤)¡A¨Ñª«½è¶i¥X²ÓM®Ö¡C²ÓM®Ö§t¦³a. ¬V¦â½è(DNA©M³J¥Õ½è²Õ¦¨ªº)b.²yª¬ªº®Ö¤¯(RNA©M³J¥Õ½è²Õ¦¨ªº)c.½¦ºAªº®Ö½èd.®Ö½¤¡C²ÓM®Ö¬O²ÓM¥Í©Rªº¤¤¼Ï¡A§t¿ò¶Çª«½è¡A·í²ÓM¤Àµõ®É¡A®Ö¤ºªº¬V¦â½èºòÁY¦¨¬V¦âÅé(chromosome)¡C¨CºØ¥Íª«²ÓM¤ºªº¬V¦âÅé¼Æ¥Ø¬O¤@©wªº¡A¤HÅé²ÓM¦³46Ó¬V¦âÅé¡A§Y23¹ï¡C
oligosaccharide¡A¹èÁÞ¡A«ü¤Ö©ó¤QÓ³æ¿}¸g¿}苷Áäµ²¦X¦¨ªº¦h¿}¡C
organelle¡A²ÓMM¾¹¡C
organic evolution¡A¦³¾÷ºt¤Æ»¡¡A»{¬°¦a²yºt¤Æ¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¦a±ªº¤Æ¾Ç¦¨¤À¯à¦Ûì©lª¬ºAÅܦ¨¤pªº¦³¾÷¤À¤l¡A¦Aµo®i¥X¦³¾÷ª«¡A³Ì«á¦A¥X²{ì©l²ÓM¡C¤]ºÙ¬°¤Æ¾Çºt¤Æ»¡¡C
organism¡A¦³¾÷Åé¡C
ornithine¡A³¾Ói»Ä¡A³¾Ói»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¨ë¿E§K¬Ì¨t²Î²£¥Í©è§Ü¤O¡C2.§í¨î¸~½Fªº§Î¦¨»PÂX¤j¡C3.©M¯à¶qªº²£¥Í¦³Ãö¡C
osmotic pressure¡Aº¯³zÀ£¡C
PAGE, polyacryamide gel electrophresis
PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
palmitic acid¡A´ÄÕͻġC
pandorina¡A¹ê²y¾þ¡A§t¦³32Ó²ÓM¡A²ÓMªºÃ@¤ò¦U¦ÛÂ\°Ê¡A´Â¦P¤@¤è¦V¡A¥i±À°Ê¸sÅé¦b¤ô¤¤¦æ¶i¡C
pantothenic acid¡Aªx»Ä¡C¤@ºØ»²酶¡C
PCR¡Apolymerase chain reaction¡A»E¦X酶³sÂê¤ÏÀ³¡A ¤@ºØ««ØDNAªº¤èªk¡CPCL§Þ³N¬OKary Mullis (1993¿Õ¨©º¸¤Æ¾Ç¼ú±o¥D)ºc·Q¥X¨Óªº¡C±q¼Ð¥»»A¨ú¥XªºDNA¤À¤l±`¦]¦ÛµMÀô¹Òªº®ñ¤Æ°µ¥Î¦Ó·|¦³¨Ç´î·l©Î¤Æ©Ê§ïÅÜ¡CY¤wª¾¬YDNA¤ù¬q¡A«h¥i¥ÎPCR§Þ³N¨Ó¤j¶q¼W´T¦¹DNA¤ù¬q¡C
pentose¡A¤ºÒÁÞ¡C§t¤È¤ÓºÒì¤lªº³æÁÞ¤À¤l¡A¨Ò¦p¡GD-®Ö¿}¡BD-ªü©Ô§B¿}¡BD-¤ì¿}¡BD-¨ÓÄö¿}¡C
peptide bond¡AÐ`肽Áä¡C¥Ñ¤@ÓÓi°ò»Äªº»Ä°ò©M¦¸¤@ÓÓi°ò»ÄªºÓi°ò¡A¦æ²æ¤ôÁY¦X¤ÏÀ³¦Ó§Î¦¨ªºC=NÁä¡A¨ãÂùÁä©Ê½è¡A©M¾Fªñªº¤»Óì¤l¦b¦P¤@¥±¤W¡CÐ`肽Á䤤C=OªºOì¤l©MNHªºNì¤l¦bC=NÁ䪺trans(¤Ï¦¡)¬Û¹ï¦ì¸m¡CÐ`肽Áä ¨âºÝªºC¡VC©MN¡VC§¡¬°¥i¦Û¥Ñ±ÛÂ઺³æÁä¡A¦]¦¹¥iºPÅ|¦¨¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº§Îª¬¡C
peptidoglycan¡A肽»EÁÞ¡C¥Ñ³\¦h¦h¿}¥HµuÐ`肽¥æ¿ùÁäµ²§Î¦¨ªº»E¦h¿}¡A肽»EÁÞ¬O²Óµß²ÓM¾Àªº¥Dn¦¨¥÷¤§¤@¡C
phage¡A³ðµßÅé¡C±Mªù·P¬V²Óµßªº ¯f¬r¡A¥þ¦W¬°²Óµß§]³ðªÌ(bacteriophasge)¡C
phenylalanine¡Af¤þÓi»Ä¡A£]-phenylalanine¡A©Î£\-aminohydrocinnamic acid¡A©Î£\-amino-£]-phenylpropionic acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OPhe ©Î F¡C«D·¥©Ê¡A°¼ÃìR=-CH2-Ph¡A¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H9NO2¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°115.13 amu¡A271~273¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C fÓi°ò¤þ»Ä¬°¤HÅé©Ò»Ýªº8ºØ¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¤¤¤§¤@¡A¦b¤@¯ë§t³J¥Õ½è¹ª«¤¤³£¥iµo²{¦p¤û¥¤¡B³J¡B³½¡B¦×¡B°®¨§¡B®ÖªGµ¥¡Cfଧ¿¯g(PKU)¬O¤@ºØ´¶³q¬V¦âÅéÁô©Ê¿ò¶Ç¯e¯f¡C¦¹¯e¯f¬°¤@ºØ¨u¨£ªº¿ò¶Ç©Ê¯e¯f¡A°_¦]¬°f®ò°ò¤þ»Ä(phenylalanine)³oºØ®ò°ò»ÄµLªk³Q§¹¥þ¥NÁ©ҾÉP¡F·|¤Þ°_ÄY«ªº´¼¯à»Ùê¡C¦bPKUªº±wªÌ¤¤¡A¥Ñ©ó»Ã¯Àªº¯Ê¥¢¦Ó¾ÉPfÓi°ò¤þ»ÄµLªk¹³¤@¯ë§Î¦¡³Q¥NÁ±¼¡A©ó¬O³y¦¨¤FfÓi°ò¤þ»Ä¤Î2ºØ»P¨ä¬ÛÃöªºl¥Íª«¤j¶q¥Í¦¨²Ö¿n¡C³o¨Çª«½è·|¹ï¤¤¼Ï¯«¸g¨t²Î³y¦¨¬r®`¦Ó¾ÉP¸£³¡ªº·l®`¡Cf¤þÓi»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¬°¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡C2.¥Òª¬¸¢©Ò¥²»Ýªºª«½è¡C3.°Ñ»P¦h¤ÚÓi(dopamine)©MµÇ¤W¸¢¯À¤§»s³y¡A³o¨Çª«½è·|¼vÅT¸£©M¯«¸g¨t²Îªº½Ä°Ê¤§¶Ç»¼¡C4.¦³«P¶i¯«¸g¶Ç¾Éª«½è¦X¦¨¡A¨ã¦³§Ü¼~Æ{ªº®ÄªG¡A¹ï©ó±¡ºü¡Bºë¤O©M¤ÏÀ³¤O¨ã¦³¥¿±¼vÅT¡C¤ÑµM¨Ó·½¡G§ö¤¯¡BÃP³n¥Õ°®¹T¡B¾M«C³½¡B±ù¡B¿à°¨¨§¡B«n¥Ê¤l¡B»¿¼¡B²æ¯×¥¤¯»¡BªÛ³Â¡B¨Å¹T¡Bªá¥Í¡C
phospholipid¡AÁC¯×¡C©Ò¦³¥Íª«²ÓM½¤ªº¥Dn¦¨¤À¡A¤]¬Oºc¦¨¸ºñ¯À¡B²É½uÅé©M¤º½èºô½¤ª¬ºc³yªº¥Dn¦¨¤À¡C¥Ñ¨âӯתջÄ(¹½¤ô©Ê)©M¤@Ó§tÁCªº¦³¾÷¤À¤l(¿Ë¤ô©Ê)²Õ¦¨¡C
PIF, proteolysis-inducing factor
pili¡AÅÖ¤ò¡A²Óµßªí±·|¨Ï²ÓµßªþµÛ¦b±J¥D²ÓM¡A¦Ó¶i¦æ±µ¦X¥Í´Þªº¤p¾¹©x¡C
plasmodesma¡Aì¥Í½èµ·¡A¦ì©ó¨âÓ¬Û¾F²ÓM¤§¶¡¡A¥Ñµ·ª¬²ÓM½è¬ï¹L²ÓM½¤¤Î²ÓM¾À©Òºc¦¨¡A¬O´Óª«²ÓM¤§¶¡¾i¤À©M°T®§¥æ¬yªººÞ¹D¡C
plasma membrane¡A²ÓM½¤¡A¥Ñ³J¥Õ½è©M¯×½è©Òºc¦¨ªºÁ¡½¤¡A¥iÅý¤À¤l¶i¥X²ÓM¤º¥~¡C
plastid¡A¦â¯ÀÅé¡C¦s¦b©ó´Óª«»PĦÃþªº²ÓM¤º¡A¥iÂàÅܬ°¸ºñ ¯À¡C¦s¦b©ó®Ú©M²ôªº²ÓM¤ºªº¦â¯ÀÅé¥iÂàÅܬ°¥Õ¦âÅé(leucoplast)¡A¥Õ¦âÅé¯àÀx¦s¹ª«¦p¾ý¯»¡C¦bªá¡BªG¹ê©M¸¤¤ªº²ÓM¤ºªº¦â¯ÀÅé¥iÂàÅܬ°Âø¦âÅé(chromoplast)¡A§t¦³¦hºØ¦â¯À¡C
pmol, picomole¡A10-12 mole¡C
polymerase¡A»E¦X酶¡C
polypeptide¡A¦hÐ`¡C¥Ñ¦hÓÓi°ò»Ä¥HÐ`肽Áä³s¦¨ªº»E¦X¤À¤l¡C
polysaccharide¡A¦hÁÞÃþ¡A²ÓM¤¤¦s¦bªº¤T¤j¥¨¤À¤l¤§¤@¡A¥Ñ¦hÓ³æÁÞ¤À¤l²Õ¦X¦Ó¦¨ªºÁÞÃþ¡A³q±`¥H(C6H10O5)xªí¥Ü¡A§t¾ý¯»(¥Ñ¼Æ¦ÊÓ¸²µå¿}¤À¤l²Õ¦¨)©M¨x¿}(¦s¦b©ó°Êª«Å骺¨x²ÓM©M¦Ù¦×²ÓM)¡C
primary structure¡A¤@¯Åµ²ºc¡C³J¥Õ½èªº¤@¯Åµ²ºc«ü¥HÐ`肽Áä³s¦¨ªºÓi°ò»Ä§Ç¦C¡C
prokaryotes¡Aì®Ö²ÓM¡Aª½®|¤j¬ù1~10£gm¡A¯Ê¥F¯u¥¿ªº²ÓM®Ö¡A¨ä¿ò¶Çª«½èDNAµL®Ö½¤¥]³Q¡A¸û¤p¡Aºt¤Æ¹Lµ{¤¤¤ñ¯u®Ö²ÓM¦¥X²{¡Cì®Ö¥Íª«¥]¬A²Óµß©MÂźñĦ¡A¦h¬°³æ²ÓM¥Íª«¡A¦ý¦³¨Ç·|»E¦X¦¨¸sÅé©Îµ·ª¬µ²ºc¡C¦ÛµM¬É¦s¦b³Ì¦hªºì®Ö²ÓM¬O²Óµß(bacteria)¡A¨Ì§Îª¬¥i¤À¬°(1)²yµß(cocci)¡B(2)±ìµß(bacilli)¡B(3)Á³±Ûµß(spirilla)¡C
proline¡A²ãÓi»Ä¡A2-pyrrollidinecarboxylic acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OPro ©Î P¡C«D·¥©Ê¡A¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H9NO2¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°115.13 amu¡A220~222¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C
prosthetic group¡A»²°ò¡C
protein¡A³J¥Õ½è¡A²ÓM¤¤¦s¦bªº¤T¤j¥¨¤À¤l¤§¤@¡Cì¦Û§Æþ¦r"protios"¡A¬O"«O«ù²Ä¤@"ªº·N«ä¡A³J¥Õ½è¬O¥ÑÓi°ò»Ä²Õ¦¨ªº¥¨¤j¤À¤l¡A§tºÒ¡B²B¡B®ñ¡B´á¡B²¸µ¥¤¸¯À¡A¤À¤l¶q¥Ñ5,000¦Ü1,000,000¥H¤W¡A¬Oºc¦¨²ÓM½¤©M²ÓM½èªº¥Dn¦¨¤À¡C³J¥Õ½è¨ã¦³ªº¥Dn¥\¯à¥]¬A(1)¶Ê¤Æ(catalysis)¡A¨Ò¦p¶Ê¤Æ×Q¡BG³J¥Õ×Q¡A(2)ºc³y(structure)¡A¨Ò¦p½¦ìÅÖºû³J¥Õ(µ²½l²Õ´©M°©Àf)¡B¼u©Ê¡B¥Ö½§¡A(3)¹B°Ê(¾÷±ñ©Ê)¡A¨Ò¦p¦¬ÁY©Ê¦Ù°Ê³J¥Õ¡B¦Ù²y³J¥Õ(¦Ù¦×)¡A(4)¶JÂÃ(Àç¾i©Ênutrition)¡A¶JÂóJ¥Õ¦³¹T³J¥Õ(¤û¨Å)¡B§Z³J¥Õ(³JÃþ)¡BÅK³J¥Õ(ferritin¡AÅKªº¶JÂÃ)¡A(5)¹B¿é©Ê(transport)¡A¹B¿é³J¥Õ¥]¬A¦å¼ß¥Õ³J¥Õ(¯×ªÕ»Ä)¡B¦å¬õ³J¥Õ¡A(6)ºÞ¨î©Ê(²ÓM¥NÁÂ)¡A¨Ò¦p¯Ø®q¯À¡A(7)«OÅ@©Ê(§K¬Ì¡B¦å²G)¡A¨Ò¦p§K¬Ì²y³J¥Õ¡B¾®¦å»Ã¯À(thrombin)¡BÅÖºû³J¥Õ¤¸(fibrinogen)©M(8)¬r©Ê³J¥Õ¡A¨Ò¦p³D¬r¡Bþ¸z¬r(botulin)¡B¥Õ³ï¬r¯À(diphtherin)¡C
prostaglandins¡A«e¦C¸¢¯À¡C ¤@ºØÃþ¤ÜºÒ»Ä¡Aµ²ºc§t(1)¤@Ó¤ºÒÀô¡A(2)¤G±ø°¼Ãì¡A(3)-COOH¡B-OH¡B-CO¡B-C=Cµ¥©x¯à°ò¡C«e¦C¸¢¯À ¦s¦b©ó¸£¤¤¡A±±¨îºÎ¯v¤¤¼Ï¡A«e¦C¸¢¯ÀD2 (PGD2)À°§UºÎ¯v¡A«e¦C¸¢¯ÀE2 (PGE2)»¤µo²M¿ô¡C«e¦C¸¢¯À¤]©M¼ö¡Bµh¤Îµoª¢¤ÏÀ³¦³Ãö¡Cªü´µ¤ÇÆFµ¥¤îµhÃħY¬O«e¦C¸¢¯À ¦X¦¨酶ªº§í¨î¾¯¡C
replication¡A½Æ»s¡A¯S§O«üDNAªº«þ¨©¹Lµ{¡C¨ä¨BÆJ¬°(1)©î¶}(¥À¥Nªº)DNAÂù«ªºWCªÑ¡A(2)¤À§O¥HWªÑ¡BCªÑ¬°¼ÒªO(template)¥Í¥X¤¬¸Éªº°t°¸ªÑ(C'ªÑ¡BW'ªÑ)¡A(3)½Æ»s§¹¦¨«á¥Í¦¨¨âÓ(¤l¥Nªº)DNA¡A§YWC'©MCW'¡C¤l¥NDNAªº°t°¸ªÑ(C'ªÑ¡BW'ªÑ)¤ºÆP°ò(base pairs, §YAT¡BGC)ªº¶¶§Ç©M¥À¥Nªº¬Û¦P¡A¤l¥NDNAÂù«ªºWC'(©ÎCW')ªÑ¶¡ªºÆP°ò¥H²BÁä¡Bvan der Waals¤Oµ²¦X¡A¦Ó¤l¥NDNA¤ºªº®Ö苷»Ä(nucleotides)«h¥H¦@»ùÁä¤è¦¡µ²¦X¡C
residue¡A´Ý°ò¡C²Õ¦¨Ð`肽¤¤ªºÓi°ò»Ä¡C
retinal¡Aµø¶ÀîÇ¡C¤]ºÙ¬°retinaldehyde¡Aretinene¡Aaxerophthal©ÎVitamin A aldehyde¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C20H28O¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°284.42 amu¡Aº²ÂI61~64¢J¡Auv max (in cyclohexane) at 373 nm¡C
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RIA, radioimmunoassay
ribosome¡A®Ö¿}Åé¡A¬ORNA©M³J¥Õ½èªº½Æ¦XÅé¡C
RNA¡Aribonucleic acid¡A®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä¡A¥Ñ(1)dAMP(¥h®ñ¸¢®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)¡A(2)dGMP(¥h®ñ³¾ÁT®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)¡A(3)dCMP(¥h®ñM®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)¡A©M(4)dTMP(¥h®ñ¯Ý¸¢®Ö苷5'-³æÁC»Ä)µ¥¥|ºØ³æÅé²Õ¦¨¡CRNA¬O±±¨î³J¥Õ½èªº¦X¦¨ªºª«½è¡A¨ã»Ã¯À¶Ê¤Æ¥\¯à¡A¤]¥i§@¬°»Ã¯Àªº¨ü½è¡C²ÓM¤¤ªºRNA¦³¤TºØ:(a)«H¨ÏRNA(messenger RNA, or mRNA)¡A§@¬°¦X¦¨³J¥Õ½è®Éªº¼ÒªO(template)¡A¥H«ü©w¯S©wºØÃþªºÓi°ò»Ä§@¬°³J¥Õ½èÃ쪺¦¨¤À¡A(b)®Ö¿}ÅéRNA(ribosomal RNA, or rRNA)¡A¬°®Ö¿}Åé(§¹¦¨³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨ªº¦a¤è)¤¤ªº®Ö»Ä¦¨¤À¡A(c)¶Ç»¼RNA(transfer RNA, or tRNA)¡A¦b¦X¦¨Ð`Êy®É¡A§@¬°¯S®íÓi°ò»ÄªºÄâ±aªÌ¡A¬O¤TºØRNA¤¤³Ì¤pªº¡A¤À¤l¶q¤j¬ù23,000~35,000¡C20ºØ²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªºÓi°ò»Ä¤¤¨C¤@ºØ³£¦³¤@Ó¥H¤W¿W¯Sªºt-RNA¡A¥H½T©w³J¥Õ½è¤¤¸ÓÓi°ò»Äªº¶¶§Ç¡C
rRNA¡Aribosomal ribonucleic acid¡A®Ö¿}Åé®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä ¡ArRNA¬°®Ö¿}Åé(§¹¦¨³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨ªº¦a¤è)¤¤ªº®Ö»Ä¦¨¤À¡C
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RPMCs, rat peritoneal mast cells
secondary structure¡A¤G¯Åµ²ºc¡C³J¥Õ½èªº ¤G¯Åµ²ºc¥ÑÐ`肽Á䤤C=O©MN-H§Î¦¨²BÁä¡A §Î¦¨Ã©wªºµ²ºc¡C±`¨£ªº³J¥Õ½èªº ¤G¯Åµ²ºc¦³£\Á³±Û©M£]ºP¶¡C
serine¡Aµ·Ói»Ä¡A2-amino-3-hydroxypanoic acid, £]-hydroxyalanine ¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OSer ©Î S¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C3H7NO3¡AHO-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=HO-CH2-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°105.09 amu¡A~150¢Jª@µØ¡A~228¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C
sialic acid¡A³è²G»Ä¡C
sickle cell anemia¡AÅI¤M§Î³h¦å¯g¡A¤@ºØ¯e¯f¨Ï±o¤HÅ餺¦å¬õ¯Àµo¥ÍÅܤơA³y¦¨¾÷¯à»Ùê¡A·|¯kµh¬Æ¦Ü¦º¤`¡C
sphingolipids¡A¯«¸gÀTÁC¯×¡C
spirilla¡AÁ³±Ûµß¡A ¤@ºØÁ³±Û§Îªºì®Ö¥Íª«²Óµß¡C
starch¡A¾ý¯»¡A¥Ñ¦Ê¤dÓ¸²µå¿}³æÅé¤À¤l»E¦X¦¨ªº¦hÁÞÃþ¥¨¤À¤l¡C¥Î¨ÓÀx¦s¸²µå¿}¯à¶q¡A¦s¦b©ó´Óª«²Õ´¤¤¡C
steroid¡AÃþ©T¾J¡A¥Ñ¥|Ó§tºÒªºÀô²Õ¦¨¡A±`¨£ªºÃþ©T¾J¬OÁx©T¾J¡C
stroma¡A°ò½è¡C³\¦h«ó¥ªº¸ºñÅn ºò±K°ïÅ|§Î¦¨¸ºñ»æ¡C³ò¶¦b¸ºñ »æ©P³òªº²GºAª«½è¡AºÙ¬°°ò½è(stroma)¡A¸ºñ »æ¤§¶¡¦³Ånª¬½¤¬Û³s¡C
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template¡A¼ÒªO¡C
tertiary structure¡A¤T¯Åµ²ºc¡C³J¥Õ½èªº ¤T¯Åµ²ºc¡A ¨ã²¨¤ô©Ê°¼Ã쪺Ói°ò»Ä¥H«D¦@»ùÁä§@¥Î¤Oµ²¦X¦¨Ã©wªº¦ÛµMºc§Î¡C
threonine¡A ¶p(®§¹ç¡A¤B)Ói»Ä¡A2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, ©Î£\-amino-£]-hydroxybutyric acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OThr ©Î T¡C¤À¤l¦¡¬°C4H9NO3¡ACH3-CH(OH)-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A §Y°¼ÃìR=CH3-CH(OH)-¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°119.12 amu¡A255~257¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¶p(®§¹ç¡A¤B)Ói»Ä ªº¯S¦â©M¥\¯à¬O¡G1.¬°¥²»ÝÓi°ò»Ä¡C2.¹w¨¾®ø¤Æ¤£¨}¤Î¸z¹D¾÷¯à»Ùê¡C3.´î¤Ö¯×ªÕ¦b¨xªº¿n¦s¡C¤ÑµM¨Ó·½¡G»¿¼¡B³½¡Bªá¥Í¡BÃP³n°®¹T¡B¦×Ãþ¡B¤õÂû¦×¡B´Ç·¦°®¡C
thylakoid¡A¸ºñÅn¡C¸ºñ Åé¬O´Óª«¶i¦æ¥ú¦X§@¥Îªº³õ©Ò¡A¦h§e¶ê½Lª¬¡A ¥~³QÂШâ¼h½¤¡A¨ä¤º¥¬º¡³\¦h«ó¥ªº¸ºñÅn¡C¸ºñÅn ½¤¤º§t¦³¸ºñ¯À©M¨ä¥L¦â¯À¡C
thymine¡A¯Ý¸¢áGÔr¡A5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione©Î5-methyl-uracil¡A¬OáGÔrªºl¥Íª«¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C5H6N2O2¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°126.11 amu¡A335~337¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¯Ý¸¢áGÔr¬O²Õ¦¨DNAªº¥|ºØÆP°ò¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OT¡A©M¸¢áIËï(adenine¡AA)§Î¦¨¤¬¸ÉªºÆP°ò°t¹ï¡C
tracheophyte¡AºûºÞ§ô´Óª«¡C
triacylglycerol¡A¤TñQ¥Ìªo¡C
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triplet code¡A¤T°ò²Õ±K½X¡C³J¥Õ½è¤Wªº¨CÓÓi°ò»Ä³£¹ïÀ³¤@²Õ§t¦³¤TÓ®Ö苷»Ä(nucleotides)ªº³æ¤¸¡A¦¹³æ¤¸ºÙ¬°¤T°ò²Õ±K½X¡C¨Ò¦pf¤þÓi»Ä(phenylalanine¡APhe¡AF)ªº¤T°ò²Õ±K½X¬°UUU©ÎUUC¡C[U=§turacilªº®Ö苷»Ä ¡AC=§tcytosineªº®Ö苷»Ä]¡C
tRNA¡Atransfer ribonucleic acid¡A¶Ç»¼®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä ¡A¦b¦X¦¨Ð`Êy®É¡AtRNA¬O¯S®íÓi°ò»ÄªºÄâ±aªÌ¡A¬O¤TºØRNA¤¤³Ì¤pªº¡A¤À¤l¶q¤j¬ù23,000~35,000¡C20ºØ²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªºÓi°ò»Ä¤¤¨C¤@ºØ³£¦³¤@Ó¥H¤W¿W¯Sªºt-RNA¡A¥H½T©w³J¥Õ½è¤¤¸ÓÓi°ò»Äªº¶¶§Ç¡C
tryptophan¡A¦âÓi»Ä¡Al-£\-aminoindole-3-propionic acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬OTrp ©Î W¡A ¤À¤l¦¡¬°C11H12N2O2¡APh-NH-CH=C-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°204.23 amu¡A~289¢J¤À¸Ñ¡C¬O¤HÅé»s³y¯«¸g¶Ç¾Éª«½è¢w¢w¦å²M¯Àªº¥Dnì®Æ¡C¤j¸£¤¤¦pªG¦å²M¯À§t¶q¤Ó§C¡A¤H´N®e©ö¼~Æ{¡BµJ¼{¡B½Ä°Ê¡B¼Éļ¡B¯kµh¡BµjÅË¡B¥¢¯v¡C±q¶¼¹¤¤Äá¨ú¨¬°÷ªº¦âÓi»Ä¥i¼W¥[¤j¸£¦å²M¯Àªº§t¶q¡A³o¼Ë¦³§U©ó´î¤ÖµJļ©Mºò±iªº±¡ºü¡B°§C¹ï¯kµhªº±Ó·P«×¡B½w©M°¾ÀYµhªº¯gª¬¡B¤ÞµoºÎ·N¡C¤£¹L¡A¤HÅéµLªk¦Û¦æ¦X¦¨¦âÓi»Ä¡A¥þ¼Æ±o±q¹ª«©Î¸É¥R«~¤¤Àò¨ú¡Cþ¨Ç¹ª«¡H¤û¥¤¡B°_¤h¡]¨Å¹T¡^¡B³J¡B¦×Ãþ¡B»¿¼¡B¦UÃþ°íªG¡C
tyrosine¡A¹TÓi»Ä¡A£]-(p-hydroxyphenyl)alanine¡A©Î£\-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid¡A²Õ¦¨³J¥Õ½èªº20ºØÓi°ò»Ä¤§¤@¡A²Å¸¹¬O(Tyr©ÎY)¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C9H11NO3¡AHO-p-Ph-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°181.19 amu¡C¹TÓi»Ä´¶¹M¦s¦b©óÅ餺¡Aµµ¥~½u¬O«P¨Ï¹TÓi»ÄÂà¤Æ¦¨¶Â¦â¯Àªº¥Dn¦]¤l¡C¥Ö½§ªºÃC¦â¥Dn¬O¥Ñ¶Â¦â¯À²ÓM»s³y¶Â¦â¯À¡]Melanin¡A³qºÙ³Á©Ô¹ç¡^¶qªº¦h¹è¨Ó¨M©w¡A¶Â¦â¯À²ÓM·|¨ü¨ì¡§¹TÓi»Ä¡¨ªº¬¡°Ê¦Ó²£¥Í¤j¶qªº¶Â¦â¯À¡A³o´N¬O¥Ö½§Åζ¡B¦UºØ´³§Î¦¨ªº¥Dn¦]¯À¡C
uracil¡A脲áGÔr¡A ¬OáGÔrªºl¥Íª«¡CMáGÔr¬O²Õ¦¨DNAªº¥|ºØÆP°ò¤§¤@¡A ²Å¸¹¬OU¡A©M¸¢áIËï(adenine¡AA)§Î¦¨¤¬¸ÉªºÆP°ò°t¹ï¡C
vacuole¡A²GM¡A³q±`¦b´Óª«²ÓMªº¤¤¥¡¡A¥e²ÓMªº¤j³¡¤À¡A³Q¤@¼h¥b³z½¤¥]³òµÛ¡AÀx¦s¤j¶q¤ô¤À¡A¨Ã§t¦³µL¾÷ÆQ¡BÁÞÃþ¡B³J¥Õ½è©M¨ä¥Lª«½è¡CÀH´Óª«²ÓMªº¦¨¼ô¡A²GM¤]¸òµÛ¦¨ªø¡A¤º§t·»¸Ñªº¥NÁª«©M¼oª«¡C
valine¡AõéÓi»Ä¡A2-aminoisovaleric
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amu¡A·|ª@µØ¡A~298¢J¤À¸Ñ¡CõéÓi»Ä
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virus¡A¯f¬r¡A¤j³¡¤À¯f¬r³£¬O¥Ñ³J¥Õ½è¥]¦í³æ¤@ÓDNA©ÎRNA¤À¤l¡A¥¦µLªk³æ¿W¦s¦b¡A¤£³Qµø¬°¦³¥Í©Rªº§Î¦¡¡A³q±`³Qµø¬°±H¥Íª«¡AY¨S¦³±J¥D²ÓMªº¨ó§U¡A¯f¬rµLªk¶i¦æ¥NÁ§@¥Î©M½Æ»sªº¤u§@¡C·í²ÓM·P¬V¤W¯f¬r«á¡A¯f¬r¤Î±±¨î²ÓMªº¥NÁ¾÷¯à¡A±j¢²ÓM¦X¦¨·sªº¯f¬r²É¤l©Ò»Ýªº®Ö»Ä©M³J¥Õ½è¡C¯f¬rªº¥§¡ªø«×¬°100 nm¡C
vitamin¡Aºû¥Í¯À¡A¤@ºØ¦³¾÷¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¦³§U©ó¦³¾÷Å骺¥Íªø¡C
vitamin A¡Aºû¥Í¯À A¡A¤]ºÙ¬°retinal(µø¶ÀîÇ)¡Aretinaldehyde¡Aretinene¡Aaxerophthal©ÎVitamin A aldehyde¡A¤À¤l¦¡¬°C20H28O¡A¤À¤l¶q¬°284.42 amu¡Aº²ÂI61~64¢J¡Auv max (in cyclohexane) at 373 nm¡C
volvox¡A¹Î¾þ¡A§t¦³ªº²ÓM¥i¹F¼Æ¸UÓ¡A±Æ¦¨¤¤ªÅªº²yÅé¡A¥~³Q½¦½èÅn½¤¡A¤º³¡¥Rº¡½¦ª¬²GÅé¡A¦U²ÓM¶¡¦³ì¥Í½èµ·Ápµ¸¡A¯à¦P¨BÂ\°ÊÃ@¤ò¡A¨Ï¾ãÓ¸sÅé«e¶i¡C¹ÎĦªº¦U²ÓM¦³¤À¤u²{¶H¡A¤Ö¼Æ²ÓM¶i¦æ¥Í´Þ§@¥Î¡A²ÓM¶¡¤¬¬Û¨Ì¿à¡AµLªk¿W¥ß¥Í¦s¡C
zmol, zeptomole¡A10-21 mole¡C
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